Policy Brief 

At the European and international level, the development of high-speed rail is among the main priorities.  However, the substantial investment required for such large-scale infrastructure projects cannot be expected to be fully financed by governments alone.

The Single European Sky SES2+ – quo vadis? The first Single European Sky package (SES1) was adopted in 2004 with the aim of addressing the fragmentation of European airspace. It was followed in 2009 by the second Single European Sky package (SES2), which had a new...

Shaping the Future of European Rail: Regulation, Digitalisation, and Fair Competition The European rail sector is experiencing a rapid transformation thanks to digitalisation. At the same time, policymakers and industry stakeholders navigate the challenges of...

Ticket Distribution in Aviation Innovation is closely linked to air transport, from the development of aircraft technologies to the creation of computer reservation systems. The latter led to the development of global distribution systems (GDSs) that consolidated...

Urban Nodes The European Union is strongly urbanised, with 432 urban nodes identified. This vast array of urban hubs has a significant economic and geographical value. Urban nodes are critical to the TEN-T network, which aims to identify any missing infrastructural...